MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 21–23 nucleotides(nt), non- coding RNAs that regulate gene expression network post-transcriptionally[1]. Studies in different organisms have shown the role of miRNAs as critical components of gene regulatory networks in eukaryotes and they are estimated to regulate at least 50% of the human gene expression[2]. Recent studies have verified the significant role of miRNAs in a broad range of biological activities, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, senescence, metabolism, apoptosis, and life span[2, 3]. miRNA research has attracted a lot of attention among biomedical researchers focusing on human diseases. These studies have uncovered the critical regulatory functions of miRNAs in varieties of human disorders ranging from cancers[4], autoimmune[5] and infectious diseases[6] to cardiac[7] and neurological disorders[8]. miRNAs are expected to be clinically valuable as therapeutic agents[9, 10], biomarkers for diagnosis, assessment of disease progression and response to drugs[11-15]. Consequently, miRNA research is crucial to fully comprehend the molecular underpinnings of human diseases as well as the basic aspects of eukaryotic physiology.
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